FRACSAL EM
DESCRIPTION
Fracsal EM is formulated as three separate products, Fracsal EM1, Fracsal EM2, and Fracsal EM3, each product with a different crosslink time. The Fracsal EM series consists of a specially sized, sparingly-soluble borate crosslinking agent and an alkaline salt modifier suspended in a carrier fluid with an extremely low aromatic content. Typical usage concentrations for all Fracsal EM products is from 1 to 3 gal per 1,000 gal of fracturing fluid with crosslink times ranging from 2 minutes to 11.5 minutes depending upon the pH, temperature, and type of polymer-based fracturing fluid system. Fracsal EM packaging can be customized to meet specific requirements.
CROSSLINK TIMES AT VARIOUS MODIFIER CONCENTRATIONS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL DATA
| Appearance: |
Tan Liquid |
| Specific Gravity: |
1.27 - 1.30 g/mL |
| Pour Point, ASTM D97: |
3°C (37.4°F) |
| Solubility: |
Water |
| LC50, 96-hour: |
1,000,000 ppm |
| Chemical Oxygen Demand: |
50.5 mg/L |
| Biological Oxygen Demand: |
<2.0 mg/L |
| BTEX, S.W. 8260: |
Below detection limit of 1 ppb |
| D50 - Microtox Testing: |
| Test |
EC20 |
EC50 |
PASS/FAIL |
| MTX - Threshold |
5.6 L/m3 (3.0 - 10) |
30 L/m3 (20 - 44) |
Not Applicable |
| MTX - Confirmation @ 30 L/m3 |
19% (<11 - 47) |
91% (27 - >91) |
PASS |
CROSSLINK TIMES AT VARIOUS pH VALUES
| Product |
pH |
| 7.5 |
8.5 |
9.5 |
10.5 |
11.5 |
| Fracsal EM1 |
11:34 |
6:36 |
4:51 |
6:54 |
11:16 |
| Fracsal EM2 |
9:27 |
6:06 |
3:24 |
4:28 |
6:58 |
| Fracsal EM3 |
4:05 |
2:57 |
2:09 |
2:57 |
5:06 |
CROSSLINK TIME TEST PARAMETERS
| Guar Base: |
2% KCl |
| Polymer Concentration: |
40 lb/1,000 gal |
| pH: |
7.5 - 11.5 |
| Viscosity, 300 rpm: |
38 - 42 cP |
| Crosslinking Additive Concentration: |
1.2 gal/1,000 gal |
| Temperature: |
25°C (77°F) |
VISCOSITY VERSUS TIME
VISCOSITY VERSUS TIME TEST PARAMETERS
| Guar Base: |
Water |
| Clay Stabilizer: |
1 gal/1,000 gal |
| pH: |
11.7 |
| Viscosity, 300 rpm: |
10 - 25 cP |
| Fracsal EM3: |
3 gal/1,000 gal |
| Temperature: |
93°C (199.4°F) |
| Pressure: |
400 psi |
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PATENT PENDING
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